b. Consolidated financial statements:

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of companies that are controlled by the Company (subsidiaries). Control is achieved when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Potential voting rights are considered when assessing whether an entity has control. The consolidation of the financial statements commences on the date on which control is obtained and ends when such control ceases.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, major subsidiaries over which the Company has control, directly or indirectly, include:

The financial statements of the Company and of the subsidiaries are prepared as of the same dates and periods. The consolidated financial statements are prepared using uniform accounting policies by all companies in the Group. Significant intragroup balances and transactions and gains or losses resulting from intragroup transactions are eliminated in full in the consolidated financial statements.

Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries represent the equity in subsidiaries not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Non-controlling interests are presented in equity separately from the equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company. Profit or loss and components of other comprehensive income are attributed to the Company and to non-controlling interests. Losses are attributed to non-controlling interests even if they result in a negative balance of non-controlling interests in the consolidated statement of financial position.

The disposal of a subsidiary that does not result in a loss of control is recognized as a change in equity. Upon the disposal of a subsidiary resulting in loss of control, the Company:

- Derecognizes the subsidiary's assets (including goodwill) and liabilities.

- Derecognizes the carrying amount of non-controlling interests.

- Derecognizes the adjustments arising from translating financial statements carried to equity.

- Recognizes the fair value of the consideration received.

- Recognizes the fair value of any remaining investment.

- Reclassifies the components previously recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on the same basis as would be required if the subsidiary had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.

- Recognizes any resulting difference (surplus or deficit) as gain or loss.

d. Functional currency, presentation currency and foreign currency:

1. Functional currency and presentation currency:

The functional currency of the Company is the New Israeli Shekel ("NIS"). The Group determines the functional currency of each Group entity. 

The financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars ("CAD"), the presentation currency, since the Company believes that financial statements in CAD provide more relevant information to the investors and users of the financial statements who are located outside of Israel.

Assets, including fair value adjustments upon acquisition, and liabilities of an investee which is a foreign operation, and of each Group entity for which the functional currency is not the presentation currency are translated at the closing rate at each reporting date. Profit or loss items are translated at average exchange rates for all periods presented. The resulting translation differences are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

Upon the full or partial disposal of a foreign operation resulting in loss of control in the foreign operation, the cumulative gain (loss) from the foreign operation which had been recognized in other comprehensive income is transferred to profit or loss. Upon the partial disposal of a foreign operation which results in the retention of control in the subsidiary, the relative portion of the amount recognized in other comprehensive income is reattributed to non-controlling interests.

2. Transactions, assets and liabilities in foreign currency:

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at each reporting date into the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. Exchange rate differences, other than those capitalized to qualifying assets or accounted for as hedging transactions in equity, are recognized in profit or loss.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at cost are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined.

f. Short-term deposits:

Short-term bank deposits are deposits with an original maturity of more than three months from the date of investment and which do not meet the definition of cash equivalents. The deposits are presented according to their terms of deposit.

h. Biological assets:

The Group's biological assets consist of cannabis plants.

The Group capitalizes the direct and indirect costs incurred related to the biological transformation of the biological assets between the point of initial recognition and the point of harvest. The direct and indirect costs of biological assets are determined using an approach similar to the capitalization criteria outlined in IAS 2, Inventories. These costs include the direct cost of planting and growing materials as well as other indirect costs such as utilities and supplies used in the cultivation process.

Indirect labor for individuals involved in the cultivation and quality control process is also included, as well as depreciation on growing equipment and overhead costs such as rent to the extent it is associated with the growing space. All direct and indirect costs of biological assets are capitalized as they are incurred, and they are all subsequently recorded within the line item cost of revenues on the Group's statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income in the period that the related product is sold.

The Group then measures the biological assets at fair value less cost to sell up to the point of harvest, which becomes the basis for the cost of inventories after harvest. The fair value is determined using a model which estimates the expected harvest yield in grams for plants currently being cultivated, and then adjusts that amount for the expected selling price per gram and also for any additional costs to be incurred (e.g., post-harvest costs). The net unrealized gains or losses arising from changes in fair value less cost to sell during the period are included in the gross profit for the related period and are recorded in a separate line on the face of the Group's statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

Determination of the fair values of the biological assets requires the Group to make assumptions about how market participants assign fair values to these assets. These assumptions primarily relate to the level of effort required to bring the cannabis up to the point of harvest, costs to convert the harvested cannabis to finished goods, sales price, risk of loss, expected future yields from the cannabis plants and estimating values during the growth cycle.

The Group accretes fair value on a straight-line basis according to stage of growth (e.g., a cannabis plant that is 50% through its growing cycle would be ascribed approximately 50% of its harvest date expected fair value, subject to wastage adjustments).

The fair value of biological assets is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For the inputs and assumptions used in determining the fair value of biological assets, see Note 9.

The Group's estimates are, by their nature, subject to change and differences from the anticipated yield will be reflected in the gain or loss on biological assets in future periods.

j. Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, including directly attributable costs, less accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses and excluding day-to-day servicing expenses. Cost includes spare parts and auxiliary equipment that are used in connection with plant and equipment.

A part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately using the component method.

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is dependent upon estimates of useful lives and residual values which are determined through the exercise of judgement and calculated on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets at annual rates as follows:

Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the useful life of the improvement. 

The useful life, depreciation method and residual value of an asset are reviewed at least each year-end and any changes are accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate. Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the date that the asset is classified as held for sale and the date that the asset is derecognized.

l. Revenue recognition:

The Group apply IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

IFRS 15 contains a single model that applies to contracts with customers and two approaches to recognizing revenue, at a 'point in time' or 'over time', the assessment of which requires judgment. The model features the following contract-based five-step analysis of transactions to determine whether, how much and when revenue is recognized: 

1. Identifying the contract with a customer;

2. Identifying the performance obligations in the contract;

3. Determining the transaction price;

4. Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

5. Recognizing revenue when or as the Company satisfies the performance obligations.

Under IFRS 15, revenue from the sale of cannabis is generally recognized at a point in time when control over the goods have been transferred to the customer. Payment is typically due prior to or upon delivery and revenue is recognized upon the satisfaction of the performance obligation. The Group satisfies its performance obligation and transfers control upon delivery and acceptance by the customer. 

n. Research and development expenditures:

Research expenditures are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. An intangible asset arising from a development project or from the development phase of an internal project is recognized if the Group can demonstrate the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale; the Group's intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; the ability to use or sell the intangible asset; how the intangible asset will generate future economic benefits; the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the intangible asset; and the ability to measure reliably the respective amount of expenses that should be capitalized to an asset during its development.

The asset is measured at cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete, and the asset is available for use. The asset is amortized over its useful life. Testing of impairment is performed annually over the period of the development project.

p. Employee benefit liabilities:

The Group has several employee benefit plans:

1. Short-term employee benefits:

Short-term employee benefits are benefits that are expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related services. These benefits include salaries, paid annual leave, paid sick leave, recreation and social security contributions and are recognized as expenses as the services are rendered.

A liability in respect of a cash bonus or a profit-sharing plan is recognized when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation to make such payment as a result of past service rendered by an employee and a reliable estimate of the amount can be made.

2. Post-employment benefits:

The plans are normally financed by contributions to insurance companies and classified as defined contribution plans or as defined benefit plans.

The Group has defined contribution plans pursuant to section 14 to the Israeli Severance Pay Law under which the Group pays fixed contributions and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not

hold sufficient amounts to pay all employee benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. Contributions to the defined contribution plan in respect of severance or retirement pay are recognized as an expense when contributed concurrently with performance of the employee's services.

The Group also operates a defined benefit plan in respect of severance pay pursuant to the Israeli Severance Pay Law. According to the Severance Pay Law, employees are entitled to severance pay upon dismissal or retirement. The liability for termination of employment is measured using the projected unit credit method. The actuarial assumptions include expected salary increases and rates of employee turnover based on the estimated timing of payment. The amounts are presented based on discounted expected future cash flows using a discount rate determined by reference to market yields at the reporting date on high quality corporate bonds that are linked to the Consumer Price Index with a term that is consistent with the estimated term of the severance pay obligation.

In respect of its severance pay obligation to certain of its employees, the Group makes current deposits in pension funds and insurance companies (the "plan assets"). Plan assets comprise assets held by a long-term employee benefit fund or qualifying insurance policies. Plan assets are not available to the Group's own creditors and cannot be returned directly to the Group.

The liability for employee benefits shown in the statement of financial position reflects the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of the plan assets.

Remeasurements of the net liability are recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur.

r. Provisions:

A provision in accordance with IAS 37 is recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Group expects part or all of the expense to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense is recognized in the statement of profit or loss net of any reimbursement.

t. Earnings per share:

Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net income attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted number of Ordinary Shares outstanding during the period.

Potential Ordinary Shares are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share when their conversion decreases earnings per share from continuing operations. Potential Ordinary Shares that are converted during the period are included in diluted earnings per share only until the conversion date and from that date in basic earnings per share. The Company's share of earnings of investees is included based on its share of earnings per share of the investees multiplied by the number of shares held by the Company.

v.   Changes in accounting policies - initial application of new financial reporting and accounting standards and amendments to existing financial reporting and accounting standards:

1. Initial application of IFRS 3, "Business Combinations":

In October 2018, the IASB issued an amendment to the definition of a "business" in IFRS 3, "Business Combinations" (the "Amendment"). The Amendment is intended to assist entities in determining whether a transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or as an acquisition of an asset.

The Amendment consists of the following:

1. Clarification that to meet the definition of a business, an integrated set of activities and assets must include, as a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output.

2. Removal of the reference to the assessment whether market participants are capable of acquiring the business and continuing to operate it and produce outputs by integrating the business with their own inputs and processes.

3. Introduction of additional guidance and examples to assist entities in assessing whether the acquired processes are substantive.

4. Narrowing the definitions of "outputs" and "business" by focusing on goods and services provided to customers.

5. Introducing an optional concentration test that permits a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business.

The Amendment is to be applied prospectively to all business combinations and asset acquisitions for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The adoption of this Amendment did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.